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Mamma Fairy

Features

How to Take Control of Family Finances

If your finances have taken a bit of a battering over recent months, you’re certainly not alone. Belt tightening has almost become a national pastime. One we hope won’t go on for too much longer.

On the positive side, it’s first class motivation for finally sitting down and sorting out your money: where’s it coming from, where’s it going, and how you can keep hold of it a bit longer, after all your family are your most important asset and taking good care of your finances should rank high on your list.  Running a side hustle is popular these days, and you can begin selling stuff straight away on social media, or promote a new blog. SEO experts FATJOE offers a handy introduction to running video ads on Facebook that will attract an audience and convert.

No Complicated Tech Needed

It doesn’t come much simpler than a pen and notebook. Armed with a recent bank statement (one for each of your accounts if you have more than one bank account) you can start right now getting to grips with spending and saving. Unless you’re a whizz at mental arithmetic, a calculator might come in handy too.

Of course, there’s nothing to stop you firing up the computer and opening a spreadsheet if that’s how you like getting things done. But, if you use a small notebook you can carry it around with you and jot down purchases as you make them.

Whichever method you choose, you’ll need five columns with these headers for the information they’ll contain:

  1. Date: The date the transaction took place. It might be a cash or debit card purchase or a direct debit or standing order. If you run a credit card, make a separate sheet for this, then note down the repayments to that card on this main sheet that’s tallying your main bank account.

    laptop

    Pic Credit: Pixabay

  2. Item: What you bought, be it grocery shopping or coffee and cake with friends.
  3. Income: Record where income came from. Salary, for example.
  4. Cost: How much was it?
  5. Balance: At the very top of this column, write your current bank balance from your up-to-date bank statement. Now each time you make a purchase, subtract the amount from the current balance and write the new balance in the column. When you’re recording income, add it to the balance.

You can have a new page every week or create a fresh page at the start of every month. Write your bank balance from the previous month or week at the top of your balance column to get started. Don’t forget to add direct debits or it’s easy to think your running balance is bigger than it is.

 

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Home & Interiors

How to Create a Sumptuous Conservatory Interior

You will have seen on the blog our pretty epic renovation projects and they a finally dare I say it drawing to a close.  I have learned a lot of  the years as both projects were vastly different. However one thing that has been consistent has been the fact that I love a good deal and over the last couple of years I have held out for the sales like the cfs black friday sale  as good quality and lighting furniture can be a big cost so it’s worth doing your homework in advance so you are ready to grab that deal on the Black Friday 2020  – 25th November.  The very last piece of our jigsaw was our conservatory so thought it might be worthwhile setting out how we made this into a luxurious cosy space.

 Contrary to what some people think of conservatories, your conservatory doesn’t have to be to be devoid of style and with the sunlight streaming in, you can create a sumptuous, luxurious space in the conservatory. Here are some fabulous ideas that are on-trend for the coming year.

No matter what interior design style you like, in a space like a conservatory where you want to relax and enjoy the warmth and the view, sumptuousness and luxury are the key factors.

And here’s how you can achieve it…

#1 Informal, relaxed seating

When it comes to conservatory furniture you may have a fixed idea in your mind of what it would normally look like. But think outside the box and you will see that the range of conservatory furniture is much more than a boxy sofa.

As well as a deep sofa and armchairs, take a look at some more quirky ideas. From swing seats to garden rattan furniture, by using throws and scatter cushions, you can create an appealing seating area with a hint of the quirky.

#2 Consider the French look

The French look has many distinguishing characteristics, but its feminine, detailed appeal is something that many people find quaint and appealing.

Opt for a bistro style seating arrangement – a small round table with two or four chairs, usually in white metal but a wooden set would work too – and keep the walls white, using ditzy flower prints for throws, cushions and any blinds.

#3 Homely touches

For some reason, many homeowners take a very sparse approach to accessorising their conservatory, a complete contrast in some cases to the remainder of their home.  However, we are beginning to see the error of our ways. Maybe it was something to do with the strong sunlight bleaching the colour from materials and fabrics but with many conservatory furniture manufacturers taking this into account, there are now more accessories and soft furnishings to choose from.  Add homely touches such as coordinating throws with contrasting cushions. Don’t forget sculptures and silk flowers too, to soften the edges and give a luxurious feel to the conservatory room.

#4 Bring the outdoors in

The main reason behind a conservatory is to form a bridge between the interior of your home and your garden.   It makes sense to include plants in the conservatory but if you feel that an array of hothouse tropical plants and citrus fruit trees is a little too predictable, use the window dressings and a feature wall (if you have one) instead.  The large, leaf print wallpapers and materials that have been on-trend for the interior of the home for some time now and are still ‘in’ for 2018. And that means, choosing large print wallpaper and chic Roman blinds for the conservatory too.

#5 Focus on the windows

On one hand, you want the sun and daylight streaming in through the vast expanse of glazing in the conservatory but on the other, there are times when you could do with a little shade.

Ditch the vertical and horizontal blinds for this year’s must-have window dressing of Roman blinds. Individually made, they can be operated independently and give a fantastic streamlined, unfussy appearance to a conservatory.

And don’t hold back on colour or pattern as the blinds may be the only zing of colour in the space and with so much light to play with, it is hard to make the conservatory dingy.

#6 Make a style statement

The interior design of a conservatory can afford to be more relaxed. And it can also be the space that you indulge more of your style. An accent chair, for example, either in a statement colour, design or shape is an ideal addition that turns the conservatory from ordinary into extraordinary.

#7 A vibrant dining space

If you use your conservatory as a dining room, you will understand how the light plays with reflective surfaces but what about how it adds drama and depth to vibrant colours?

But colour isn’t your only friend in the conservatory, large, bold prints are too. Make the most of the dining table with a table covering in bold, vibrant coloured stripes – the on-trend colour schemes for 2020 range from understated ice cream pastels to cherry red and deep purple – with contrasting floral napkins.

No matter how big or small your conservatory, you can afford to have fun, relax the style boundaries and let your imagination go to play creating a sumptuous conservatory interior.

 

Mamma Musings

Preparing for your child’s birthday party

When you’re hosting a birthday party for your child, you’re likely to experience emotions on every end on the spectrum. From high stress to total happiness when you see their little face having the time of their life, it’s a bit of a rollercoaster. Here’s a few tips to hopefully cut out much of the stress, and leave you to enjoy their special day with them.

1. Discuss the theme

Picking a theme makes preparation much easier. You can tailor the decorations, entertainment and even the food. For some parents this is a breeze – you know what they love so you can guess their choice right away. If your youngster is a little trickier to predict, let them help to pick – it is their day after all! Put some choices forwards to them and let them choose, or work together to think of fun ideas and draw them out of a hat. 

If your child’s birthday falls in the winter, throwing an ice-skating party can make for a fun and exciting way to celebrate their birthday. Kids will have a blast playing on ice and then drinking a cup of hot chocolate with marshmallows when they get cold. Invite the children’s parents, too, so there will be more people to keep an eye on your little guests. Don’t forget the party essentials for an ice-skating-birthday bash, such as winter-themed invitations, decorations, menu, and party favors.

2. Pull together an invite list

Once the theme of the party is decided, next it’s onto the invite list. This can be the bane of many parents’ party planning, because the list has to end somewhere. It’s difficult to whittle a long list down if you’re hosting it at home and can’t accommodate everyone.

3. Write up and send out the invitations

You can make this a fun DIY job, or buy some that match with your little one’s chosen theme. Making them together can be a beautiful way to bond and let them get creative, and it makes it more personalised for the guests you’re inviting.

4. Organise the entertainment

Booking entertainment of course depends on your child’s preference. It also depends on the theme of the party (it’s got to be consistent, right?). For example a princess theme and a visit from a little girl’s favourite Disney princess goes hand in hand. Find something to suit your budget, and find something you know your child will love. Of course, you might be going for something a little more relaxed and might not have a direct form of entertainment in place. That’s also fine, but make sure you’ve got enough planned to keep them occupied!

5. Make a schedule

Planning ahead mitigates the risk of any hiccups on the day. Plan how you’re going to decorate, plan the food you’re going to make and plan for any fun activities that will be taking place throughout the party. In terms of food, it’s worth preparing some that you can freeze earlier in the week, to stop a mad rush as the time of the party get closer.

6. Buy your supplies

It’s always better to over-buy than to run out. Depending on how old your child and their guests are, you could end up catering for parents as well as children. For this reason, you should sufficiently stock up on enough food and drink for the duration of the party. A full toddler is definitely better than a hungry one! If you’re doing party bags, you can buy pre-made or prepare your own.

7. Clean the house twice

It’s obvious to most that you want your home to make a good impression on guests. A tidy kitchen, pristine wood flooring, and glistening windows – they make all the difference. However, a big clean the day before – or even worse, the day of – the party can be stressful. If you do a thorough clean a week or so before, you’ll hopefully only need to give it a once over before guests begin to arrive.

8. Practice ‘thank you’s’

You little one is likely to be receiving presents. It is their birthday, after all. To make sure they’re polite to their friends, practice saying thank you and make sure they understand its importance. This is obviously worthwhile generally, but it’s especially significant at their birthday party.

Most importantly, try and have fun with it. Don’t take it too seriously and enjoy spending time with your little one and their friends.

 

And finally if you need some budget friendly inspiration for gifts check out Motherhood the Real deals post here

 

Note: this is a collaborative post
Mamma Reviews

6 Creative Projects You Can Do With Your Kids at Home

With the cold winter approaching, you and your kids are likely to be spending more time indoors. While it may be tempting to give yourself some much-needed peace and quiet and keep the kids entertained with video games or smartphones, you may want them to engage in a wider variety of hobbies. You never know, you may be able to get them involved in some family bonding time.

If you are scratching your head trying to think of projects that you can do with your kids at home, don’t worry. We have come up with a handy list of ideas!

Bake and Decorate a Cake

chocolate cookie

Pic Credit: Pixabay

It doesn’t have to be someone’s birthday for you to make and decorate a cake. Not only does baking teach kids useful cooking skills, it also provides them with an opportunity to get artistic with decorating it. This project has a great pay-off too – you get to eat the cake afterwards!

What you will need: Ingredients (or pre-made cake mix), icing, food colouring, baking utensils, oven.

Face Painting

Most kids love face painting – both having their faces painted and painting the faces of others. You can go for the classic designs like tigers or butterflies, or experiment with trying to recreate your kids’ favourite cartoon characters. Make sure to use paints that are non-toxic and kind to sensitive skin.

What you will need: Face paints, brushes, water

Make Slime

Making homemade slime is one of the most popular recent trends for kids, and some YouTube channels dedicated to it have millions of subscribers! Don’t worry – slime is not messy if you make it properly, so you won’t find it stuck to the carpet years later.

What you will need: School glue, saline solution, baking soda, food colouring

Design Shoebox Dioramas

Dioramas are scaled-down models of scenes or rooms. Old, empty shoeboxes are useful for making dioramas. Why not help your kids recreate scenes from their favourite books, TV shows, or video games. You could even design Halloween-themed dioramas, or a Nativity scene at Christmas! You can even pick up some string lights from an electrical supply shop to give your scenes some sparkle!

What you will need: A shoebox, paints, arts and crafts supplies

Build a Lego City

lego

Pic Credit: Pixabay

Most kids love playing with Lego, and some adults also enjoy it! Instead of buying the pre-designed Lego play sets themed around Star Wars, Harry Potter, or other franchises, why not get loads of the plain blocks and challenge your kids to design their own city from scratch?

What you will need: Lego (obviously!), plenty of space

Build a Model Railway

If you have a bit more space and a higher budget, why not go even further and design model railway layouts with your kids? Building model railways can help develop creativity and problem-solving skills and can also be used as a lesson on how electrical circuits work. If you have the space for a permanent layout, you could even design buildings and landscapes for the layout!

What you will need: Model railway track pieces, locomotives, wagons, electricity, plenty of space.

 

Note This is a collaborative post
Mamma Musings

How Does Moving Schools Affect Your Child?

kids at school

Pic Credit: Pixabay

There are plenty of reasons why a child might have to move to a different school. They might be underperforming at their current school or being bullied by another child, or perhaps their parents have to relocate for work. Maybe they are just naturally progressing from a primary to a secondary school. Whatever the reason, the transition can often feel quite daunting for youngsters, especially if they are dealing with challenges in their personal life at the same time. I have teamed up with a prep school in Hertfordshire to explore this in further detail below so that parents can be better equipped to help their child navigate the changes.

Of course, there are lots of changes a child will have to get used to when moving to a new school. There’s the building itself, but your child will also have to adapt to new teachers who may use different methods or follow a slightly different curriculum. If your child is either behind or ahead in their classes, they may start to lose interest in their lessons. With that said, parents and new teachers should really pay close attention to how well the child is or isn’t adapting to their new environment and potentially provide extra tutoring if necessary.

If your child had close friends at their old school, they will probably be quite upset about having to leave them behind, and nervous about meeting new people. If you think that might be the case for your child, try and help them stay in touch with their old friends. If they can’t meet up in person, video calls might be a good option, or you could even encourage your child to go old school and write letters. This will help them feel less alone through the transition. If possible, and age appropriate, you could try and get the contact details of some of the parents at the new school and arrange a play date or two so that your child has an opportunity to make new friends in an environment where they feel more comfortable.

Try and use positive and optimistic language around your child when talking about the transition so that they can feed off of your uplifting energy. Talk to them about the amazing opportunities they’ll have at their new school, like the fantastic playground or amazing sports facilities. If they see that you are confident about the transition, they will adopt the same attitude.

Note: This is a collaborative post
Mamma Musings

How Schools Can Prevent the Spread of Germs

cold

Pic Credit: Pixabay

A lot of children are now back at school for the first time in months, and it’s a worrying time for parents. Not only are there the usual worries about homework and whether your child will make friends, there’s also the additional worry about the spread of germs and bacteria.

Your child’s school should be happy to speak with you about the measures that they are taking to keep your child safe. It’s also completely reasonable to ask about the measures that you would hope to see them put in place.

Distancing

When they are in the classroom, children should be seated two meters from one another to minimize the risk of spreading disease through airborne germs. 

Distancing is important not just during class time, but during lunch and break times too. If the school isn’t big enough to facilitate distancing then institutions should be implementing staggered lunch and break times to allow a smaller number of children to be on their break at the same time.

Share carefully

A way that germs can be spread is through touching the same object. Particularly with younger children, it’s not always going to be possible for them not to be touching the same things – for example, toys and games will still need to be shared by the class, as will sports equipment. 

To account for this it’s important that the school have a policy on how often the shared equipment will be disinfected and how this process will be managed.

Handwashing

Frequent hand washing is the most effective weapon against the spread of germs. Not only does it stop your child from passing any germs that they may have onto others, it means that if they inadvertently pick up germs from a surface they are less likely to infect themselves by rubbing their eyes, nose or mouth.

hand washing

Pic Credit: Pixabay

At a minimum hand washing should take place:

  • Before eating
  • After going to the bathroom
  • When coming inside from playing outdoors
  • After sneezing or coughing

Schools should also be encouraging children to routinely wash their hands outside of these times to minimize the risk of infection.

Hand sanitizer

It’s important that hand sanitizer is made readily available to children in schools to use at times when they are unable to wash their hands.

For example, you might place hand sanitizer in a prominent place in the classroom so that children may clean their hands after handling shared items, without having to disrupt the lesson by leaving to go to the bathroom.

If possible, it’s better to use a dispenser from Touch Free Hand Sanitiser as this further minimizes the spread of germs because there is no risk of transmission through a pump or lever.

Cleaning

The rooms in the school should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected at the end of each day, paying particular attention to bathrooms and the children’s desks.

Cleaning and disinfection are slightly different terms. According to this cleaning guide resource page, cleaning, often using a mixture of soap and water, merely removes the dirt, germs, and any other impurities on surfaces or objects. If you want to thoroughly get rid of harmful pathogens and viruses that cause disease, you need to disinfect with a disinfecting agent, often in the form of sprays or wipes.

Food preparation areas should also be cleaned thoroughly after use with hot soapy water.

Some germs can actually thrive until they are wiped away, so as well as cleaning surfaces they should be dried thoroughly with paper towels.

 

Note: This is a collaborative post
Mamma Musings

The Benefits of Extra-Curricular Activities for Children

Extra-curricular activities offer numerous benefits to children. For example, they can help your child to meet new friends, they encourage your child to stay active and most importantly they are fun! 

To highlight the importance of extra-curricular activities, an independent school in Somerset shares more of their benefits below…

Health

child playing tennis

Pic Credit: Pixabay

Extra-curricular activities can help to improve your child’s health in a number of ways. This is because many extra-curricular activities are physical; such as sports or dancing. These types of activities will not only help to keep your children fit and healthy, but keeping active has also been proven to support mental health.

Confidence

One of the biggest benefits of extra-curricular activities is how they can help to build your child’s self-confidence. This is because they provide an opportunity for your child to meet new people, gain new skills and explore a new environment. By taking part in a new creative hobby, your child will also be able to develop their own style. Art classes and drama groups are both great ways for your child to be creative and express themselves.

Personal skills

Taking part in extra-curricular activities can also help your child to develop many personal skills and gain more experience. Your child will have a chance to develop their communication, problem solving and teamwork skills, which will all contribute greatly to their future career. Furthermore, your child will learn how to plan ahead and manage their time more efficiently with a regular hobby.

Career prospects

Finally, participating in extra-curricular activities is the perfect way for your child to build an impressive CV. This will help your son or daughter to stand out from the competition when applying for jobs. Your child will be able to show an employer their personal interests and what achievements they have gained outside of school.

 

Note: This is a collaborative post

 

Home & Interiors

Tips for choosing wooden flooring

As you will have seen on the blog we have undertaken two quite mega renovation projects.  Over the last number of months and really years at this stage I have been sharing some insights and tips that I have gleaned along the way.  There was many and I mean very many stressful moments during the projects but I have to say I have learned so much and im more than happy to share this knowledge.

One decision which I spent quite a lot of time contemplating was the flooring.  It’s something that is not only aesthetic and part of the design but a key functional part too and if it’s like my house will get quite a lot of traffic! In the end we mostly went with real wood flooring  however below I set out some of the key considerations you need to keep in mind when choosing your wooden flooring. I am not expert in this area just somebody who has been through this process a few times recently.

  • Choose your type of wooden floor. I will admit I began this process pretty clueless not quite understanding the variety of options available.  First main decision really is are you going to go for solid or engineered flooring.  Personally I looked the look and feel of the solid wood flooring and we have large ceiling heights and were installing new doors and surrounds so any marginal increase in the floor height which can arise with solid flooring wasn’t so much a consideration.

    siting room

    Pic Credit: Pixabay

  • Choose your colour and finish. This can be a very tough decision and I think it can be harder to decide in a bright airy showroom. In my view you need to if possible purchase some samples and see how it works in your space and lighting. I originally thought I wanted walnut but seeing the sample in our own house it just didn’t have the same appeal. I also looked the more natural finish but I did think the lacquered finished looked really well too.
  • Choosing the plank width. This was really not something I had even factored into my decision making before beginning my research. In the main the size would appear to be standard there are options for narrower and wider planks and in the end due to the large size of the sitting room we went for the larger width. I felt it give a kind of luxurious feel to the room. I can really see the appeal of the narrowing planks for example if you were doing a small space.  
Note: This is a collaborative post

 

Features

Is online learning the future of education?

working from home

Pic Credit: Pixabay

The world of education—like so many aspects of life—has completely transformed over the last 20 years. With the emergence of mobile devices, improved connection speeds, and increasingly smart artificial intelligence (AI) applications, the world in 2020 is almost unrecognizable from that back in 2000.

The virtual worlds allowed by computers and technology are increasingly merging with the real world, and are providing a vastly enhanced user experience and considerable advantages to most areas of life. Here are a few reasons why online learning might replace traditional practices.

Technology and education 

Education, too, has seen considerable changes over the last two decades. Where once computers were a rarity in classrooms and lecture halls, these days, laptops and tablets are an everyday part of learning. 

However, it’s the developing world of online learning that holds the most intriguing promise. Purely online courses, such as those provided by https://online.bankstreet.edu/, offer the perfect mix of convenience and affordability that is simply not possible in traditional learning experiences. 

Online learning has proven so successful over recent years that there is convincing evidence to suggest the future of education may move fully online sooner than we think.   

Online education is cheaper than its real-world counterpart

In almost all cases, learning online is cheaper than attending real-world classes—and is always considerably less expensive than one-to-one learning. By structuring lessons online, course designers can think about featuring reusable content that can be used repeatedly to achieve the same goals (for example, pre-recorded tutorials or interactive assignments). These considerable cost savings can then be passed on to the student.

Also, real-world learning comes with an inherent cost overhead—the price of the lecturer’s time, rent and rates for space, utility bills for lighting and heating, etc. In addition, students will also likely incur travel costs to get to college or university. With online learning, everything becomes considerably cheaper.  

There is a vast range of courses available

laptop

Pic Credit: Pixabay

Partly because of the reduced overhead—partly because of the diverse nature of the internet itself—there is a far wider range of course subjects available online. As well as online versions of existing courses, there are also programs designed specifically for web-based students—everything from music creation to astrology or quantum physics. If you search hard enough, you’ll likely find the course you’re looking for already exists. You could also utilise an online learning platform which brings together lots of different courses, you only have to look up “Masterclass reviews” to see how popular these learning platforms have become in recent years. 

Online education is flexible

Traditional, fixed lesson times simply can’t compete with the flexibility offered by online learning. For many people, taking further education is a juggling act trying to fit study around existing family, social life, and work responsibilities. With online learning, both students and teachers can schedule lessons at a time that suits both. Furthermore, many classes and assignments are pre-recorded, meaning learners can view them anytime, anywhere. Students are far more likely to engage positively (and learn more) when they can work at a pace and time that suits them. 

Learning online is more immersive and collaborative

Learning online means having access to the internet’s vast library of media and resources including photos, maps, videos, 3D models, Google Earth, etc. Moreover, improved connection speeds and technology can mean students can take part in virtual debates with fellow class members—or work on projects together using collaborative work platforms.   Online learning has completely turned the education world on its head but in my mind this is a very positive step in an increasingly global world.  You can now pretty much learn from anywhere in your own time.  Take for example, with online learning provided from tutors at www.tutorcity.sg both students and teachers can schedule lessons at a time that suits both. It really is a fantastic step forward and one we need to all embrace. 

Online course content is customizable

As most courses are built in digestible modules or sections, students can mix and match the particular skills they want to learn. Moreover, entirely new classes can be constructed that are aimed at specific levels of ability or the individual skills needed for particular vocations. Real-world learning simply can’t compete on the same level in terms of customization. 

Note: This is a collaborative post
Features

5 Ways To Save Money While Driving That You Can Start Today

As families, we are always looking to save money on daily costs –  mainly so we can put it towards things that are more fun, such as days out and taking family trips together. Driving is usually a significant cost, both when it comes to buying a new car, maintaining it and paying for fuel and wear and tear. The good news is, there are lots of ways to save here and there on the cost of motoring. Some are large savings, others small, but taken together they can add up to a decent amount.

Use A Cashback Card To Buy Fuel

4x4

Pic Credit: Pexels

If fuel is a regular outlay of a set amount for you, then it could be well worth hunting down a cashback credit card. Use the card to purchase fuel but avoid debt by setting a direct debit to pay it off promptly each month. Even though it’s only a small amount, this method can get you something back each time you drive, and over time it really adds up. Some supermarkets also offer loyalty card points when you refuel with them, so you can double up and get even more for your spend.

Assess Your Driving Style

You can learn to drive more economically in order to save fuel. Things like accelerating rapidly then having to come rapidly to a complete stop obviously consume more fuel than more measured driving. Some insurance policies will provide you with a ‘black box’ or sometimes a mobile phone app that monitors your driving style and can give tips on driving more safely and economically.

Shop Around For Car Insurance

One of the biggest money mistakes you can make is staying with the same car insurance provider – it’s one scenario where loyalty definitely doesn’t pay! Always shop around yourself or use price comparison sites to find the best deals, especially if you have more than one vehicle to insure. You will still be able to keep your no claims discount and benefit from introductory savings as well.

Make Sure Your Tyres Are Properly Inflated

It’s a simple fix, and yet it’s something that not many of us remember to do regularly – but keeping your tyres inflated to the correct pressure can really help reduce fuel consumption. You can get a tyre inflator to use at home or go to a garage or petrol station. Even the minimal difference of tyres under-inflated by just 15psi can use six per cent more fuel! That means on a 60 litre tank, you’d get 26 more miles of fuel. So it’s easy to see how that can quickly add up over time.

Find Cheaper Parking

Parking is an often overlooked cost that can also add up. If you’re going on a trip or driving to the airport, try pre-booking parking as that can often be significantly cheaper. Using apps like Parkopedia can also help you to identify much cheaper places to leave your car securely than the most obvious car parks you see driving into a city. 

 

Note: This is a collaborative post